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Concrete in its plastic state is heavy and exerts significant pressure on the forms containing it. Furthermore, loads change rapidly during placement, vibration, and curing. Proper planning, guided by ACI 347R-14 , ensures the formwork can withstand:
One of the most common questions on a construction site is, "When can we remove the forms?" This chapter provides the guidance. It discusses factors affecting stripping time, such as concrete strength gain, span lengths, and environmental conditions, helping to prevent premature shoring removal, which can lead to structural damage or collapse.
A successful formwork operation relies on a clear division of labor between the design team and the construction team. ACI 347R-14 defines these boundaries clearly: The Engineer/Architect (Structural Engineer of Record) aci 347r14 guide to formwork for concrete pdf
ACI 347R-14 provides recommendations for the construction and use of formwork, including:
Provides special guidance on form design for exposed surfaces, focusing on minimizing irregularities, joints, and color variations.
The official document can be purchased directly from the American Concrete Institute bookstore. Does ACI 347R-14 cover slipforming? This public link is valid for 7 days
The use of retarding admixtures or fly ash increases the duration of fluid pressure. Unit Weight of Concrete ( ): Higher density mixes exert more pressure.
$$P_max = C_w \cdot C_c \cdot [150 + 9000 \cdot R / T]$$ (Maximum pressure capped at 3000 psf or 150h, whichever is lower)
ACI 347R-14 references ACI 117 regarding tolerances for plumb, line, and level. The guide advises that forms must be built within tolerances slightly stricter than the final concrete requirement to account for movement during placement. Can’t copy the link right now
P = 150 + (9000 × R) / T
The document is also distributed globally through a network of authorized standards resellers. These include:
The weight of workers, equipment, tools, runways, and concrete buggies. ACI 347R-14 recommends a minimum live load of 50 lb/ft² (2.4 kPa) for standard operations, or 75 lb/ft² (3.6 kPa) if motorized buggies are utilized. Lateral Pressure of Concrete
Chemically active release agents are recommended over barrier oils to prevent surface staining, bug holes (air voids), and adhesion issues for future paint or sealers.